2021

rozdział w monografii naukowej

polski

EN Czarnowko is a small village located in the Łeba valley in central Pomerania, approximately 4 km north-west of Lębork. The cemetery, whose range is marked by graves from the Roman Period, is located almost in the center of the locality. During many years of excavation works carried out from 1973 to 2015, over 2,805 cultural features were registered, mainly inhumation graves from the first centuries AD, as well as a huge number of artefacts and organic materials. During the rescue research carried out in 2015, in the north-west part of site No. 5, within plot No. 69/13, the presence of numerous inhumation graves of the population of the Wielbark culture was revealed, which indicated the spatial continuation of the graveyard towards the north-west and west. In 2016, a single inhumation burial from the Roman Period and a posthole were discovered in the north-eastern part of the site. In turn, in the spring of 2017, on the plot No. 68/2, located approximately 150 m to the west of the assumed southwest border of the cemetery, a cremation grave with remains of a pyre from the Roman Period was accidentally discovered. This situation makes it necessary to ask again about the range of cemetery No. 5 in its western zone and its relationship with the nearby site No. 4 (a cemetery of the Pomeranian culture and a multicultural settlement). Archaeological fieldwork was also carried out in 2017 in the south-western part of the cemetery. In the area of 16 ares, 106 cultural features have been registered, the vast majority of which are graves: cremation ones of the Oksywie culture and inhumation ones of the Wielbark culture, revealing traces of post-funeral interference. During the excavation research, several hundred new artefacts were obtained (pottery, elements of clothing, jewellery, everyday items) and an abundant collection of organic materials, including leather, bone, wood and fabrics. In most of the 59 unearthed inhumation graves, dated generally from phases B2a to C1b, traces of the so-called looting pits were found. Only in one of the graves where the burial of an adult can be expected (feature 1872/17) such a pit was not found. In turn, the possibility of assessing the degree of violation of children’s graves is problematic. The article presents the basic findings that answer the question of what the opening of the graves in the necropolis looked like. But to answer the question: who, when and why? it is necessary to obtain all the results of specialist research and to investigate the problem on the scale of the entire cemetery. The unearthing of the space without burials in the western part of the site resulted in the need to delineate test trenches towards the nearby site No. 4, in the area where both sites meet. As a result, 10 archaeological features were discovered, including five inhumation graves of the Wielbark culture and two cremation graves of the Pomeranian culture. In the course of the excavations, on plot No. 68/9, not included in the conservation supervision, about 30 m to the south-west from the surveyed area seven archaeological objects were discovered – one grave of the Wielbark culture, four urn graves with a stone construction of Pomeranian culture, a post-hole and a pit of unknow function. The cist and stone lining graves contained from one to three urns, including a face urn with bronze earrings and glass and amber beads. Discovered graves from the Early Iron Age can be dated to the classical phase of the development of the Pomeranian culture population. The Wielbark culture cemetery covers a much larger area than originally assumed. The positive results of the survey and the discoveries at the nearby site 4 mean that at least several more seasons of fieldwork are needed to fully determine the boundaries of the graveyard.

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https://bibliografia.bg.szczecin.pl/Works/Details/32062

XXI Sesja Pomorzoznawcza : Toruń, 22-24 listopada 2017 roku

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